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 U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's development in collaboration with European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates JWST, and the prime contractor was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. The  James Webb Space Telescope  ( JWST ) is a  space telescope  designed primarily to conduct  infrared astronomy . As the largest optical telescope in space, its greatly improved  infrared  resolution and sensitivity allows it to view objects too  old, distant , or faint for the  Hubble Space Telescope . This is expected to enable a broad range of investigations across the fields o...

 Electricity Electricity has an important place in modern society. It is a controllable and convenient form of energy for a variety of uses in homes, schools, hospitals, industries and so on. What constitutes electricity? How does it flow in an electric circuit? What are the factors that control or regulate the current through an electric circuit? In this Chapter, we shall attempt to answer such questions. We shall also discuss the heating effect of electric current and its applications. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND CIRCUIT Electric current is expressed by the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. In other words, it is the rate of flow of electric charges. In circuits using metallic wires, electrons constitute the flow of charges. However, electrons were not known at the time when the phenomenon of electricity was first observed. So, electric current was considered to be the flow of positive charges and the direction of flow of positive charges was taken to be th...

  Rishikesh Rishikesh , also spelt as  Hrishikesh , is a city governed by Rishikesh Municipal Corporation (since October 2017), and a tehsil in Dehradun district of the Indian state Uttarakhand. Located in the foothills of the Himalayas in northern India, it is known as the " Gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas " and " Yoga Capital of the World ". It lies 21 km (13 mi) north of the city Haridwar and 45 km (28 mi) southeast of the state capital  Dehradun . As of 2021, Rishikesh tehsil has a total population of 322,825; this figure includes 93 surrounding villages as well as the city.  It is the seventh most populated city in the state of  Uttarakhand . It is known as the pilgrimage town and regarded as one of the holiest places for  Hindus .  Hindu sages and saints have visited Rishikesh since ancient times to meditate in search of higher knowledge. In September 2015...

 Light Light reflection occurs when a ray of light bounces off a surface and changes direction. From a detailed definition of ‘reflection of light’ to the different types of reflection and example images, our introductory article tells you everything you need to know about the reflection of light. Reflection of Light Reflection of light (and other forms of electromagnetic radiation) occurs when the waves encounter a surface or other boundary that does not absorb the energy of the radiation and bounces the waves away from the surface. Example The simplest example of visible light reflection is the surface of a smooth pool of water, where incident light is reflected in an orderly manner to produce a clear image of the scenery surrounding the pool. Throw a rock into the pool, and the water is perturbed to form waves, which disrupt the reflection by scattering the reflected light rays in all directions. Because light behaves in some ways as a wave and in other ways as if it were compos...

Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder  ( DID ), previously known as  multiple personality disorder  ( MPD ) and colloquially known as  split personality disorder  ( SPD ),  is a  mental disorder  characterized by the maintenance of at least two distinct and relatively enduring  personality states .  The disorder is accompanied by  memory gaps  beyond what would be explained by ordinary memory issues.  The personality states alternately show in a person's behavior;  however, presentations of the disorder vary.  Other conditions that often occur in people with DID include  post-traumatic stress disorder ,  personality disorders  (especially  borderline  and  avoidant ),  depression ,  substance use disorders ,  conversion disorder ,  somatic symptom disorder ,  eating disorders ,  obsessive–compulsive disorder , and  sleep diso...

  Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Sambhaji Bhosale  (14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689) was the second  Chhatrapati  of the  Maratha Empire , ruling from 1681 to 1689. He was the eldest son of  Shivaji , the founder of the Maratha Empire. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Maratha Empire and the  Mughal Empire , as well as other neighbouring powers such as the  Siddis ,  Mysore  and the Portuguese in  Goa . After Sambhaji's death, his brother  Rajaram I  succeeded him as the next Chhatrapati. Early life Sambhaji was born into a  Marathi   Hindu  family at  Purandar fort  to the  Maratha  ruler  Shivaji , and his first wife  Saibai , who died when he was two years old and he was raised by his paternal grandmother  Jijabai .  At the age of nine, Sambhaji was sent to live with Raja  Jai Singh I  of  Amber  as a  political ho...

PCOD or PCOS What is PCOD? PCOD is a condition that affects 1 in 8 women in India, and is caused by a hormonal imbalance in the reproductive system. An excessive secretion of the male hormone impacts the ovaries, resulting in a build-up of immature (or partially mature) eggs that aren’t released. Over a period of time, these turn into cysts, and the cysts multiply into more cysts, further worsening the problem. This condition usually arises owing to genetics as well as lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exposure to substances like bisphenol A. What is PCOS? PCOS, on the other hand, is a disorder concerning the endocrine system that can be traced back to the  early 1700s . In those affected by PCOS—20% of all Indian women—the body produces a higher level of androgen (male hormone). This hampers egg development in the ovaries as well as their release, and can result in the formation of cysts. Along w...