Std.7 sst ch.1 question answer

2 . If the Himalayas did not exist     If the Himalayas did not exist, India would be very different. The cold winds from Central Asia would enter India freely, making the climate much colder and drier. Many rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra might not exist because these rivers originate from the Himalayan glaciers. Without the Himalayas, there would be less rainfall, fewer forests, and farming would become difficult in many regions. The northern plains might even look like deserts. The Himalayas also protect India from strong winds and help in bringing monsoon rains, so life in India would be much harder without them. 3. Why is India called a ‘mini-continent’? India is called a “mini-continent” because it has great diversity in physical features, climate, culture, languages, and natural resources, just like a continent. It has mountains in the north, deserts in the west, plains in the center, plateaus in the south, and coastal regions on both sides. Different par...
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Vedas

 

Vedas



Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.
There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship). The texts of the Upanishads discuss ideas akin to the heterodox sramana-traditions.

Vedas are śruti ("what is heard"), distinguishing them from other religious texts, which are called smṛti ("what is remembered"). Hindus consider the Vedas to be apauruṣeya, which means "not of a man, superhuman" and "impersonal, authorless," revelations of sacred sounds and texts heard by ancient sages after intense meditation.
The Vedas have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques. The mantras, the oldest part of the Vedas, are recited in the modern age for their phonology rather than the semantics, and are considered to be "primordial rhythms of creation", preceding the forms to which they refer. By reciting them the cosmos is regenerated, "by enlivening and nourishing the forms of creation at their base.


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