Std.7 sst ch.1 question answer

2 . If the Himalayas did not exist     If the Himalayas did not exist, India would be very different. The cold winds from Central Asia would enter India freely, making the climate much colder and drier. Many rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra might not exist because these rivers originate from the Himalayan glaciers. Without the Himalayas, there would be less rainfall, fewer forests, and farming would become difficult in many regions. The northern plains might even look like deserts. The Himalayas also protect India from strong winds and help in bringing monsoon rains, so life in India would be much harder without them. 3. Why is India called a ‘mini-continent’? India is called a “mini-continent” because it has great diversity in physical features, climate, culture, languages, and natural resources, just like a continent. It has mountains in the north, deserts in the west, plains in the center, plateaus in the south, and coastal regions on both sides. Different par...

Pacific Ocean

 Pacific Ocean



The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

Area: 165.2 million km²

Mean depth: 4,280 m

Water volume: 710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi)

Islands: Bora Bora, Tahiti, Te Ika-a-Māui / North Island, Rarotonga, Jarvis Island, more

Bridges: Onahama Marine Bridge



At 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in the area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the hydrosphere—covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, larger than all of Earth's land area combined (148,000,000 square kilometers). The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean circulation (caused by the Coriolis effect) subdivides it[citation needed] into two largely independent volumes of water, which meet at the equator: the North(ern) Pacific Ocean and South(ern) Pacific Ocean. The Galápagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific


Its mean depth is 4,000 meters (13,000 feet). Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, located in the western north Pacific, is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet). The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere, the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench, at 10,823 meters (35,509 feet). The third deepest point on Earth, the Sirena Deep, is also located in the Mariana Trench.


The western Pacific has many major marginal seas, including but not limited to the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Philippine Sea, the Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea.


Though the peoples of Asia and Oceania have traveled the Pacific Ocean since prehistoric times, the eastern Pacific was first sighted by Europeans in the early 16th century when Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and discovered the great "Southern Sea" which he named Mar del Sur (in Spanish). The ocean's current name was coined by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish circumnavigation of the world in 1521, as he encountered favorable winds on reaching the ocean. He called it Mar Pacífico, which in both Portuguese and Spanish means "peaceful sea".

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